{"id":12609,"date":"2024-09-26T16:49:18","date_gmt":"2024-09-26T14:49:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.prif.org\/how-another-trump-presidency-would-affect-the-russo-ukrainian-war\/"},"modified":"2024-09-26T16:49:18","modified_gmt":"2024-09-26T14:49:18","slug":"how-another-trump-presidency-would-affect-the-russo-ukrainian-war","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.prif.org\/en\/2024\/09\/26\/how-another-trump-presidency-would-affect-the-russo-ukrainian-war\/","title":{"rendered":"How Another Trump Presidency Would Affect the Russo-Ukrainian War"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>The United States has long been the <\/strong><b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ifw-kiel.de\/topics\/war-against-ukraine\/ukraine-support-tracker\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">most vital ally<\/a><\/b><strong> for Ukraine in terms of military aid, economic support, and pressuring Russia through sanctions and diplomatic initiatives. Consequently, both Kyiv and Moscow look primarily to the United States when it comes to the international politics of the war. Due to the outsized role of the United States in this conflict, commentators have <\/strong><b><a href=\"https:\/\/ecfr.eu\/publication\/imagining-trump-2-0-six-scary-policy-scenarios-for-a-second-term\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">predicted<\/a><\/b><strong> that the course of the war would shift if Donald J. Trump would be elected US president on 5 November. But what is the merit of such forecasts?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While predictions on the politics of war are by their very nature difficult and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/13523260.2023.2259153\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">often wrong<\/a>, analysis of ongoing trends and of similar patterns in comparable cases can help to understand which policy Trump would likely prefer, which policy the United States would probably adopt, how this policy might affect the war, and how Germany and other European states should best prepare for this scenario.<\/p>\n<h2>Which Policy Would Trump Pursue?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Available evidence strongly suggests that, if elected, Trump will likely seek to minimize American involvement in the conflict by reducing military and economic support for Ukraine and pushing Kyiv to make concessions to Russia on territory and NATO alignment.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example, in June 2024, Trump <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=blqIZGXWUpU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">publicly<\/a> described promising Ukraine NATO membership as a \u201cmistake\u201d and named it as a reason for the war. In April 2024, the Washington Post reported that Trump <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/politics\/2024\/04\/05\/trump-ukraine-secret-plan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">planned<\/a> to pressure Ukraine to cede Crimea and Donbas to Russia, aiming for a \u201cquick deal to end the conflict\u201d. Security experts close to Trump have since <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/magazine\/2024\/07\/02\/nato-second-trump-term-00164517\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">confirmed<\/a> this line of thinking. In his <a href=\"https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/Politics\/harris-trump-presidential-debate-transcript\/story?id=113560542\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent debate<\/a> with opponent Kamala Harris, Trump declared that ending the war would be top priority, though not going into any details about what cost.<\/p>\n<h2>How Would a Trump Policy Influence the War?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While its exact war goals are still disputed, the Russian regime has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/13523260.2023.2164974\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">consistently<\/a> sought to prevent Ukrainian accession to NATO and to gain significant and long-term leverage over Ukrainian decision-making. Rather than scaling down these goals, the Russian regime extended them by annexing large swaths of additional Ukrainian territory seven months into the full war. This summer, Putin again remained steadfast on these war goals and <a href=\"https:\/\/mid.ru\/en\/foreign_policy\/news\/1957107\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">demanded<\/a> Ukraine cede even more territory as a precondition for an armistice.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Russian war efforts show no signs of relenting. Indeed, the Kremlin is gearing up to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/ukraine\/war-ukraine-not-stalemate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">increase<\/a> pressure on Ukraine in 2025 and 2026.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As argued <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.prif.org\/2024\/02\/23\/was-in-der-zukunft-der-ukraine-liegt-plaedoyer-fuer-eine-verteidigungs-und-resilienzstrategie\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">elsewhere<\/a>, the Russian regime is unlikely to scale down its demands and stop its aggression if Ukraine\u2019s major allies were to visibly scale back their support and pressure Kyiv to make concessions. Rather, the Russian regime likely see this as an opportunity to pursue even more gains for itself.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diminished Western support and allied pressure for concessions would also put the Ukrainian government into a difficult position. Majority opinion is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/poll-says-32-ukrainians-open-territorial-concessions-quick-peace-2024-07-23\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">still<\/a> firmly opposed to making any territorial concessions, having experienced constant Russian aggression and violations of agreements for ten years. Thus, if Zelenskyy were to cede territory at the behest of Western or Russian demands, Ukraine\u2019s fragile state and democratic institutions could undergo political turmoil, societal unrest, possibly even a coup.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Furthermore, if Western states were to rule out NATO membership and not provide any other security guarantees to Kyiv, Ukraine\u2019s leaders would have to worry that any other concession to the Russian regime would only weaken their own position while opening them up to renewed aggression and additional demands. Diminishing Western support and calls for land trades might motivate Ukraine to escalate rather than tone down its war efforts.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indeed, part of Ukraine\u2019s motives for its recent advances into Russia\u2019s Kursk region <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/f35edae0-22ac-4400-8ed4-21d0f886d2a7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">might well have been<\/a> to rekindle Western support and possibly gain a bargaining chip against Russia.<\/p>\n<h2>Trump Presidency = Trump Policy?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Actual policy under Trump would likely not be a direct implementation of his vague plans for Russia and Ukraine. Rather, it would be an inconsistent hybrid between current policy and Trump\u2019s own preferences, with an added element of uncertainty on all sides about whether the current political course might change in the near future. There are several reasons for this.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">First, many if not most US citizens would probably oppose drastic policy shifts. In a Pew <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/global\/2024\/05\/08\/growing-partisan-divisions-over-nato-and-ukraine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">survey<\/a> in April this year, 49 percent of US adults supported at least the current level of US aid for Ukraine, with only 31 percent stating that \u201ctoo much\u201d aid was given. Only 49 percent of republicans and republican-leaning respondents found current aid was too much, while a considerable 34 percent found it about right or insufficient.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Second, Trump might face problems with lawmakers in parliament, whose support is needed for crucial elements of his plans. Current polls <a href=\"https:\/\/www.270towin.com\/2024-senate-election\/consensus-2024-senate-forecast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">suggest<\/a> that the Democrats might well retain their slight majority in the Senate come the November elections. If the Republicans gain a majority, it is unlikely to be a wide and comfortable one. And republican support would not be a given. In February 2024, 22 Republican Senators had <a href=\"https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/Politics\/22-senate-republicans-defied-trump-voted-aid-ukraine\/story?id=107193651\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">voted<\/a> for a Ukraine aid bill, defying Trump. In the house of representatives, \u201cRepublicans for Ukraine\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/gopforukraine.com\/ukraine-report-card\/\">continue<\/a> to lobby for a staunchly pro-Ukrainian policy.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Third, Trump may not actually push for many of the policies he espouses. In public, he has hitherto managed to avoid strongly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/magazine\/2024\/07\/02\/nato-second-trump-term-00164517\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">demanding<\/a> land concessions or a withdrawal of Ukraine\u2019s NATO candidacy, likely because he or those around him calculate that this would be unpopular, even among many of his supporters. Despite his threats, Trump has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/magazine\/2024\/07\/02\/nato-second-trump-term-00164517\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stated<\/a> that the United States would not withdraw from NATO as long as European countries \u201cplayed fair\u201d, using a tellingly vague and flexible phrase.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moreover, Trump does <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/magazine\/2024\/07\/02\/nato-second-trump-term-00164517\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">not even seem to have<\/a> a long-term plan in place to enact policy. As of July 2024, the Trump campaign had not named a new national security team.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Furthermore, Trump might well be flattered into believing that he reached his goals without altering policy much at all. This would not be the first time. For example, he continues to claim that, during his first presidency, he got Europe to \u201cpay its share\u201d to NATO, referring to increased defense spending that was, however, in large part a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/european-journal-of-international-security\/article\/nato-and-the-ukraine-crisis-collective-securitisation\/E5EEFF2446628BE886EB5106771E32F5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">result<\/a> of heightened European security concerns after the start of Russia\u2019s initial aggression in 2014.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indeed, during his first presidency (2017-2021), the <a href=\"https:\/\/americangerman.institute\/publication\/trump-merkel-and-putin\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grand patterns<\/a> of US policy toward Ukraine and Russia did not change.<\/p>\n<h2>What Does This Mean for European Policy?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nonetheless, all the above suggests that a Trump presidency would likely worsen prospects for peace. But even with Kamala Harris as president, policymakers in Europe will have to prepare for a future with less US involvement in Europe, as the United States has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.belfercenter.org\/publication\/pivot-pivot-us-strategy-preserve-power-balance-asia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">long been in the process<\/a> of reorienting resources and political attention to China.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consequently, Europe might have to cooperate more with the United States in other areas if it wants to ensure favorable US policy toward Russia, especially under Trump, due to his <a href=\"https:\/\/ip-quarterly.com\/en\/european-plan-trump-and-harris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transactional approach<\/a> to diplomacy and his antipathies toward NATO.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, more immediate action would also be required if European states want to increase the chances for a sustainable peace before and after the election. Russia\u2019s renewed war efforts in this summer are probably co-caused by the prospects of diminishing support for Ukraine in the United States and in other key NATO states such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/my-europe\/2024\/07\/24\/ukrainians-face-decrease-in-support-from-germany\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Germany<\/a>. Hence, diminishing Russian hopes for coercing favorable outcomes by force should be a top priority.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This includes doubling down on \u201ctrump-proofing\u201d, a measure by which the G7 states would grant Ukraine a $50 billion loan which Ukraine would repay by profits of <a href=\"https:\/\/dcubrexitinstitute.eu\/2024\/03\/how-the-eu-could-support-ukraine-by-using-russian-state-funds\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Russian assets<\/a> currently frozen on Western accounts. However, negotiations are currently <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/kamala-harris-us-elections-2024-ukraine-aid-support-war-funds\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stalling<\/a> and might well not be concluded in time.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Furthermore, calls for peace negotiations, such as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germanys-scholz-calls-for-more-ukraine-peace-talks\/a-66521598\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent one<\/a> by German chancellor Scholz, should be accompanied by reliable signals for resolute support for Ukraine when it comes to withstanding Russian attacks, pressuring the regime, and providing further support in case Russia breaks commitments it makes in future negotiations.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These signals should be specific and not conditional on external factors, such as US behavior, as doing so would probably increase Ukrainian fears of abandonment and Russian hopes for military victory.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As an example of unhelpfully vague signaling: some within the German ruling coalition announced that due to the projected loan, Germany will <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-ukraine-military-aid-2026\/a-69984998\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">massively decrease<\/a> its own financial and military support for Ukraine in the future. As the fate of this loan is still uncertain, such statements sow uncertainty about German commitment in Kyiv and might spark hope in Moscow, likely incentivizing aggressive moves on both sides.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Provided that Russian and Ukrainian hopes for a military victory were to recede, the war parties might wind down hostilities or even negotiate a ceasefire to scale down the massive damage that the war continues to inflict on both. Any such agreement would be provisional and likely bracket the most contentious issues, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/wissenschaft-und-frieden.de\/artikel\/blutiger-boden\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">territorial control<\/a>. The journey to sustainable peace is, in any case, long, but waiting for the election will probably prolong it even more.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The United States has long been the most vital ally for Ukraine in terms of military aid, economic support, and pressuring Russia through sanctions and diplomatic initiatives. Consequently, both Kyiv and Moscow look primarily to the United States when it comes to the international politics of the war. Due to the outsized role of the United States in this conflict, commentators have predicted that the course of the war would shift if Donald J. Trump would be elected US president on 5 November. But what is the merit of such forecasts?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":280,"featured_media":12353,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1125,1098],"tags":[1223,1236,1162,1143],"coauthors":[871],"class_list":["post-12609","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english-en","category-the-us-presidential-election-2024","tag-elections","tag-trump-en","tag-ukraine-en","tag-usa-en"],"acf":[],"views":1052,"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How Another Trump Presidency Would Affect the Russo-Ukrainian War - PRIF BLOG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.prif.org\/en\/2024\/09\/26\/how-another-trump-presidency-would-affect-the-russo-ukrainian-war\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How Another Trump Presidency Would Affect the Russo-Ukrainian War - PRIF BLOG\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The United States has long been the most vital ally for Ukraine in terms of military aid, economic support, and pressuring Russia through sanctions and diplomatic initiatives. Consequently, both Kyiv and Moscow look primarily to the United States when it comes to the international politics of the war. Due to the outsized role of the United States in this conflict, commentators have predicted that the course of the war would shift if Donald J. Trump would be elected US president on 5 November. 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Driedger\",\"description\":\"Dr. Jonas J. Driedger ist Researcher im Programmbereich Internationale Institutionen am PRIF, am Forschungszentrum Transformations of Political Violence (TraCe) und Mitglied der Forschungsgruppen Regimewettbewerb und der Loewe-Gruppe. Er forscht zu zwischenstaatlichen Kriegen, Abschreckung in den internationalen Beziehungen, Beziehungen zwischen Gro\u00dfm\u00e4chten und ihren Nachbarstaaten sowie russischer und transatlantischer Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik. \/\/ Dr. Jonas J. Driedger is a Researcher at the Research Department International Institutions at PRIF, at the Research Center Transformations of Political Violence (TraCe) and a member of the Research Groups Regime Competition and the LOEWE Group (Prof. Deitelhoff). His research focuses on interstate wars, deterrence in international politics, relations between great powers and their neighboring states as well as Russian and transatlantic security and defense policy.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blog.prif.org\/en\/author\/jdriedger\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"How Another Trump Presidency Would Affect the Russo-Ukrainian War - PRIF BLOG","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/blog.prif.org\/en\/2024\/09\/26\/how-another-trump-presidency-would-affect-the-russo-ukrainian-war\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"How Another Trump Presidency Would Affect the Russo-Ukrainian War - PRIF BLOG","og_description":"The United States has long been the most vital ally for Ukraine in terms of military aid, economic support, and pressuring Russia through sanctions and diplomatic initiatives. Consequently, both Kyiv and Moscow look primarily to the United States when it comes to the international politics of the war. Due to the outsized role of the United States in this conflict, commentators have predicted that the course of the war would shift if Donald J. Trump would be elected US president on 5 November. But what is the merit of such forecasts?","og_url":"https:\/\/blog.prif.org\/en\/2024\/09\/26\/how-another-trump-presidency-would-affect-the-russo-ukrainian-war\/","og_site_name":"PRIF BLOG","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HSFK.PRIF","article_published_time":"2024-09-26T14:49:18+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1875,"height":1025,"url":"https:\/\/blog.prif.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/pa_Zelenskyy-addresses-Congress_Zuschnitt.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Jonas J. Driedger","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@HSFK_PRIF","twitter_site":"@HSFK_PRIF","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Jonas J. Driedger","Est. reading time":"9 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/blog.prif.org\/en\/2024\/09\/26\/how-another-trump-presidency-would-affect-the-russo-ukrainian-war\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blog.prif.org\/en\/2024\/09\/26\/how-another-trump-presidency-would-affect-the-russo-ukrainian-war\/"},"author":{"name":"Jonas J. 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Driedger","description":"Dr. Jonas J. Driedger ist Researcher im Programmbereich Internationale Institutionen am PRIF, am Forschungszentrum Transformations of Political Violence (TraCe) und Mitglied der Forschungsgruppen Regimewettbewerb und der Loewe-Gruppe. Er forscht zu zwischenstaatlichen Kriegen, Abschreckung in den internationalen Beziehungen, Beziehungen zwischen Gro\u00dfm\u00e4chten und ihren Nachbarstaaten sowie russischer und transatlantischer Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik. \/\/ Dr. Jonas J. Driedger is a Researcher at the Research Department International Institutions at PRIF, at the Research Center Transformations of Political Violence (TraCe) and a member of the Research Groups Regime Competition and the LOEWE Group (Prof. Deitelhoff). 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