View through a curtain onto a mountainous landscape
Life at Combat Outpost Herrera in Afghanistan's Paktia province, about five miles from the border of Pakistan. | Photo: Spc. Ken Scar, Wikimedia commons, Public domain

The Resurgence of the Pakistani Taliban – Implications for Afghanistan-Pakistan Relations

In December 2024, the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), or Pakistani Taliban, attacked Pakistani security forces. The Taliban, who have taken refuge in Afghanistan, have been targeting Pakistan from their base in Afghanistan. This incident is part of a series of attacks that have been taking place since 2021, in the wake of the US withdrawal from Afghanistan. Initially, it was expected that the return of the Afghan Taliban would benefit Pakistan’s strategic interests. However, the opposite has happened. This article examines why and how the TTP is catalysing a gradual deterioration of the relationship between the neighbouring countries of Afghanistan and Pakistan (Af-Pak).

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Two men sit on chairs and shake hands facing each other. American and Russian Flags in the background.
U.S. President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin shake hands at a meeting in Finland, 16 July 2018. | Photo: © picture alliance/AP Photo | Pablo Martinez Monsivais

Reducing Nuclear Threats: Why Talks on Ending the War in Ukraine Should Include Agreements on Nuclear Risk Reduction

As the new U.S. administration pivots toward negotiating a ceasefire in the Ukraine war, the growing nuclear threat from Russia demands urgent attention. Drawing on Cold War history and negotiation research, this analysis highlights how arms control – formal or informal – can help curb nuclear risks even in the most volatile crises. German and transatlantic policy makers should therefore integrate practical arms control and risk reduction measures into ceasefire discussions to safeguard European security and prevent nuclear escalation.

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Person with black and red patterned headscarf seen from behind overlooking a settlement through binoculars.
A kurdish YPG fighter in Rojava. | Photo: Kurdishstruggle via flickr | CC BY 2.0

Rojava Under Pressure After the Fall of Dictator Al-Assad: Turkey and Islamist Allies Threaten the Kurdish Autonomous Region in Syria

After the long-awaited fall of the brutal dictator Bashar Al-Assad on December 8, 2024, through a swift offensive by Islamist rebels, many Syrians initially found hope. However, for the Kurds, this brought a different reality. Turkey and its Islamist allies have been putting immense pressure on the Autonomous Administration. Around 100,000 Kurds have already fled, and a Turkish invasion seems increasingly likely. The dream of democratic self-governance now faces an existential threat.

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A man formally dressed in white walks towards the camera, followed by other formally dressed people. Others stand on the side including people dressed in military uniform
NPP leader Anura Kumara Dissanayak won the presidential elections in Sri Lanka in September. | Photo: MEphotogallery via flickr | CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

Sri Lanka’s Voters Shift to the Left: Unpacking the Implications

Presidential elections in the tiny island nation of Sri Lanka in South Asia brought a leftist coalition to power. The elections were held in September 2024. This was followed by parliamentary elections in November 2024. In both contests, the left-leaning candidate Anura Kumara Dissanayake and his political coalition, the National People’s Power, won decisively. This blog will contextualize the economic events that enabled the coalition’s victory and analyse the reasons why this electoral result is of historical significance for Sri Lanka.

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Donald Trump, Dana White und Mike Johnson bei der UFC
Donald Trump und Dana White sind in der Mixed-Martial Arts Liga nicht unbekannt. | Foto: Office of Speaker Mike Johnson via Wikimedia Commons | Public domain

Trump, White, Rogan – Männlichkeit, Härte und Faschismus: eine nicht ganz so neue Verbindung toxischer Männlichkeitskultur

Nun ist es Gewissheit: Donald J. Trump wird die USA für eine weitere Amtszeit regieren. Viel wurde in den vergangenen Wochen über Trumps Wahlkampfstrategie diskutiert. Obwohl der Erfolg auf eine Vielzahl von Faktoren zurückzuführen ist, steht fest: Trump hat mit enormen Mobilisierungsaufwand die spezifische Zielgruppe junger Männer adressiert. Die Auftritte fanden häufig über sogenannte Alternativmedien in einem maskulinen, heterosexuellen und gewaltaffinen Umfeld mit rechtsoffenen bis rechtsextremen Persönlichkeiten statt. Dies gilt es ernst zu nehmen und in einem multifaktoriellen Kontext zu analysieren.

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A hole in a wire mesh fence
December 10 marks the global Human Rights Day – a suitable occasion to put the EU’s Global Human Rights Sanction Regime to scrutiny. | Photo: @anton_nazaretian via Unsplash | Unsplash License

Moving in the Rights’ Direction? An Assessment of the EU Global Human Rights Sanctions Regime

Four years ago, on December 7, 2020, the European Union (EU) adopted its Global Human Rights Sanction Regime (EUGHRSR), which has been applauded as a milestone in the field of human rights promotion and protection. December 10, the UN’s global Human Rights Day, is a suitable occasion to put both the EUGHRSR and its performance to date to scrutiny.

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On the left and right side of the picture, national flags stand on grass. The UN building in Geneva stands in the middle of the flags.
Adopting a global treaty is a rare opportunity to demonstrate that multilateralism in the UN can bridge divisions among states. | Foto: © Lena Herbst.

Between a Rock and a Hard Place: The UN Cybercrime Convention

In December 2024, UN members will vote on a worldwide Cybercrime Convention negotiated since 2019. While the convention is problematic, this Spotlight shows why a conditional acceptance nonetheless seems the best way forward. For this purpose, we first present the different meanings of cybercrime and outline the existing regulatory framework. We then examine the UN negotiations and the possible human rights implications of the convention, showing that it reflects the contestation of human rights norms and a growing division in the UN, yet supporting the convention at this point also enables long-term influence on its implementation.

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A man climbs on a rock in front of an antarctic scenery
Scientists debate whether antarctic ice sheets could be stabilized through glacial geoengineering or artificial infrastructures. | Photo: National Snow and Ice Data Center via flickr | CC BY 2.0

Saving the Planet by Making Antarctica the Object of International Discord?

The recently published Emissions Gap Report 2024 warns that international ambitions must be dramatically raised or the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C goal will be gone soon. The current COP 29 conference is unlikely to deliver, however, and with new emission records for 2024 just confirmed and climate impacts intensifying, there is an increasing push for more contentious ideas, such as geoengineering the fragile West Antarctic Ice sheet. While there are several technical and environmental concerns, what has been largely overlooked are the political risks of such an endeavour, in particular challenges to the authority, sovereignty, and security of the Antarctic Treaty System. 

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Soldiers at the Korean Demilitarized Zone
Tensions in the Korean Demilitarized Zone and the whole Peninsula could flare up under a Trump presidency. | Photo: Roamme via flickr | CC BY-SA 2.0

U.S. Elections and Their Potential Impact on U.S.-Korean Relations

The upcoming U.S. elections signal a potential shift in U.S.-Korean relations. While Kamala Harris would likely continue President Biden’s focus on sanctions and deterrence, Donald Trump might just as easily revive diplomatic talks as cause another flare-up of tensions on the Korean peninsula. Meanwhile, South Korea is concerned about U.S. security commitments and currently debating whether to pursue its own nuclear deterrent. The Washington Declaration reaffirms U.S.-South Korean cooperation, but the conservative security proposal, Project 2025, hints at potential reductions in U.S. military presence. These developments raise questions about South Korea’s security and the broader stability of East Asia.

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President Lula, wearing a blue suit and holding a wireless microphone, speaking in front of a crowd that is drenched in warm light.
President Lula in Rio Grande do Norte. | Foto: Lula Oficial (Ricardo Stuckert / PR) via flickr | CC BY-SA 2.0

Breaking the Cycle or Maintaining Police Lethality: The Challenge for Brazil under Lula’s Government

Elected on a progressive platform promising respect for human rights, Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva faces the critical challenge of breaking the cycle of state violence and the use of excessive lethal force by public agents. Yet despite the administration being a third of the way through its term, government efforts to curb appear to be stuck in a state of inertia. This blog post examines the problems and opportunities facing Lula’s administration today.

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