The world’s major sanctioning countries recently showed political willingness to take a leap of faith towards Syria. On May 20, 2025, the European Union (EU) announced to lift its economic sanctions on Syria. Despite the country’s need for economic recovery, sectoral violence and human rights violations continue, while the post-Assad power vacuum is at risk of being exploited by groups battling for influence. To signal credibility in this uncertain situation, the EU approach towards Syria requires reliable commitments and a nuanced dual-track approach involving both the lifting of economic sanctions and possibly new listings under the EU’s horizontal sanction regimes.
Korea nach dem Putschversuch. Mit Neuwahlen aus der politischen Krise?
Als der südkoreanische Präsident Yoon Suk-yeol im Dezember 2024 überraschend das Kriegsrecht ausrief, galt dieses zwar nur sechs Stunden. Das Land wurde aber dennoch in eine tiefe politische Krise gestürzt. Yoon wurde vom Parlament des Amtes enthoben, widersetzte sich dann aber wochenlang seiner Festnahme. Die Neuwahlen des Präsidentenamtes am 3. Juni finden nun vor dem Hintergrund einer scharfen innenpolitischen Polarisierung und wachsender handels- und sicherheitspolitischer Herausforderungen statt. Diese Vorgänge stellen auch Deutschlands „Wertepartnerschaft“ mit Südkorea in Frage, die zukünftig pragmatischer ausgerichtet werden sollte.
Es stehen nicht nur Exporte auf dem Spiel: der US-chinesische Handelskrieg und seine friedenspolitischen Konsequenzen
Am 3. April führte die Trump-Regierung im Rahmen ihres „Befreiungstags“ hohe neue Importzölle ein, die sich vor allem gegen Handelspartner mit hohen bilateralen Überschüssen richten – allen voran China. Die Reaktion aus Peking erfolgte prompt mit der reziproken Verhängung von Gegenzöllen. Seither sind beide Staaten in einem eskalierenden Handelskrieg gefangen, der letztlich jeden Güteraustausch zum Erliegen bringen könnte. Das ist kein rein wirtschaftliches, sondern auch ein friedenspolitisches Problem: In rascher Folge fallen Konflikthemmnisse weg, die die geopolitische Rivalität beider Seiten bislang begrenzten.
Pragmatic Solutions to an Abstract Problem? How Cities are Addressing Climate Migration
It has been about three months since the catastrophic wildfires broke out on January 7, 2025, devastating the US city of Los Angeles. The fires destroyed thousands of homes and displaced their residents. These wildfires also highlighted the many facets of climate migration: the urgency of the climate crisis, manifold reasons why people move, and the crucial role of cities, not just as sites of climate impacts but also as actors in addressing climate migration. Amid a rather abstract discussion about climate migrants, cities offer the chance to address the needs of people on the move because of the climate crisis more substantially and practically.
Maintaining the Rules-Based International Order: How Europe can Stand up to the Superpowers as an Alliance of Small States
When Western voices described the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 as an attack on the “rules-based” or “liberal” international order, it was always implied that it was Western states, and the USA in particular, that safeguarded international law after the Second World War. However, it was primarily Afro-Asian states that defended the rules-based order during the Cold War when aggressions challenged the inviolability of international borders. A closer look at this history can help to develop concepts for the validity of international norms – especially for a Europe that is in danger of becoming an object of great power politics in the future.
Dealing with Germany’s First Genocide: Why Bilateral Negotiations with Namibia Failed and What the New Government Must Do
Since the end of the last Bundestag session it has become clear that although projected in the coalition agreement, the Scholz government has not taken significant steps towards dealing with Germany’s colonial past in Namibia. A Joint Declaration fell victim to the early elections in Germany. This spotlight presents data from a representative survey showing that dealing with the colonial past in Namibia has no priority for Germans, which might explain why the Scholz government shied away from making the case an election issue. The spotlight identifies key take-away points on what went wrong and what a new German government should do better.
Uprisings in Serbia. Struggle(s) against a resilient regime
Following the collapse of the recently renovated Novi Sad train station, which resulted in the death of 15 people, students across Serbia have been leading one of Europe’s largest protest movements. After months of anti-corruption demonstrations demanding justice and government accountability, hundreds of thousands gathered in Belgrade on March 15, 2025, in what some call the largest mass protest in Serbia’s history. While unprecedented in scale, these protests build on previous uprisings since 2018, driven by diverse causes, but united by a common thread – deep dissatisfaction with the corrupted state apparatus and Vučić’s regime.
Festhalten an der regelbasierten internationalen Ordnung: Wie Europa als Allianz kleiner Staaten gegenüber den Supermächten bestehen kann
Wenn westliche Stimmen den russischen Überfall auf die Ukraine im Februar 2022 als Angriff auf die „regelbasierte“ oder „liberale“ internationale Ordnung beschrieben haben, schwang dabei stets mit, dass es westliche Staaten und insbesondere die USA waren, die nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg das Völkerrecht sicherten. Es waren jedoch vor allem afro-asiatische Staaten, die während des Kalten Kriegs die regelbasierte Ordnung verteidigten, wenn Aggressionen die Unverletzlichkeit internationaler Grenzen infrage stellten. Eine nähere Betrachtung dieser Geschichte kann helfen, zukunftsfähige Konzepte für die Geltungskraft internationaler Normen zu entwickeln – gerade für ein Europa, das Gefahr läuft, zukünftig zur Verhandlungsmasse der Großmächte zu werden.
Confronting Antarctic Security. Let’s stop chasing spectres at the South Pole!
Antarctica is often celebrated as a continent of peace and science. All ‘measures of a military nature’ – other than logistic and technical support for scientific endeavours – are prohibited by the Antarctic Treaty, which remains widely observed some 66 years after it was negotiated in 1959. However, conversations about ‘Antarctic security’ appear to be increasing in frequency and salience. Rather than chasing military and national security spectres at the South Pole, we should invest more in diplomatic and political efforts to ensure the ongoing effective and peaceful management of the Antarctic.
On International Women’s Day: Feminist Peace Perspectives for Ukraine
February 24 marked the third anniversary of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. Various options for peace are being debated internationally, often without focusing on Ukrainian perspectives and interests. On the occasion of International Women’s Day, PRIF researcher Clara Perras conducted a written Interview with Olena Zinenko, a Ukrainian feminist peace activist and researcher from Kharkiv who currently lives and works in Bochum. She is lecturer at Karazin Kharkiv National University (online), guest researcher in IFHV Ruhr University Bochum and project coordinator at KRF “Public Alternative”.