Wall with bricks, half is painted white, the other half is painted blue, but on both sides a few bricks have the opposite color.

Regime Competition in a Fragmented World: Consequences for Peace and Conflict

More than thirty years after the proclaimed “end of history” and the third wave of demo­cratization, the world is once again marked by increased diversity in political regimes. The (re-)emergence of powerful autho­ritarian states like China and Russia and the trend of back­sliding in seemingly consolidated demo­cracies have created a more pluralistic and multipolar world, in which states with different political regime types increasingly view each other as competitors, seeking to prove the superiority of their own political and economic systems and to win the alle­giance of third countries.

Regime competition affects many contemporary political dynamics, often with a direct relevance for peace and conflict issues. It entails two distinct, yet interrelated understandings of “competition”: one between powerful states and coalitions as a contest for international influence or even hegemony; and one regarding the performance of their respective political, economic and social systems, which undergirds claims to domestic legitimacy and international leadership among like-minded countries.

This blog series will explore both dimensions of regime competition and its many facets in more detail. It will feature contributions on issues like the origins and limits of recent Sino-Russian alignment, trends of decoupling and dissociation in East-West relations, strategic competition in Antarctica, a critical assessment of reform capacities across regime types in North Africa, regime-specific approaches to UN-agenda “Women, Peace and Security”, challenges to liberal democracy from global neo-authoritarian movements and the securitization of regime types in Eastern European and post-Soviet countries.

Regimewettbewerb in einer fragmentierten Welt: Konsequenzen für Frieden und Konflikt

Mehr als dreißig Jahre nach dem ausgerufenen „Ende der Geschichte“ und der dritten Welle der Demo­kratisierung ist die Welt wieder von einer größeren Vielfalt politischer Regime geprägt. Der (Wieder-)Aufstieg mächtiger autoritärer Staaten wie Chinas und Russlands und der Trend der Erosion scheinbar gefestigter Demo­kratien haben eine Welt geschaffen, die plura­listischer und multi­polarer ist, in der sich Staaten mit unter­schiedlichen politischen Regime­typen zunehmend als Kon­kurrenten betrachten, und alle Seiten versuchen, die Überlegen­heit ihrer jeweiligen poli­tischen und wirtschaft­lichen Systeme zu beweisen und die Gefolg­schaft von Drittländern zu gewinnen.

Regimewettbewerb wirkt sich auf viele aktuelle politische Entwicklungen aus, oft mit direkter Relevanz für Friedens- und Konfliktthemen. Hierbei lassen sich zwei Arten von Wettbewerb unterscheiden, die aber durchaus in Verbindung stehen: erstens der Wettbewerb zwischen mächtigen Staaten und Koalitionen als Ringen um internationalen Einfluss oder sogar Hegemonie; und zweitens der Wettbewerb hinsichtlich der Performanz der jeweiligen politischen, wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Systeme, die Ansprüche auf innerstaatliche Legitimität und internationale Führung unter ähnlich gesinnten Ländern untermauert.

Diese Blogserie wird beide Dimensionen von Regimewettbewerb und seine vielfältigen Facetten im Detail beleuchten, u.a. die Ursprünge und Grenzen der chinesisch-russischen Partnerschaft, Entflechtung und Dissoziation in den Ost-West-Beziehungen, den strategischen Wettbewerb in der Antarktis, eine kritische Analyse von Reformkapazitäten verschiedener Regimetypen in Nordafrika, regimespezifische Ansätze in Bezug auf die Agenda „Frauen, Frieden und Sicherheit“ der Vereinten Nationen, die Infragestellung liberaler Demokratie durch globale neo-autoritäre Bewegungen sowie die Versicherheitlichung von Regimetypen in Osteuropa und post-sowjetischen Ländern.


Photo: Katerina Pavlyuchkova via Unsplash (personal editing) // Banner: GDJ via pixabay (personal editing)


Beiträge // Posts

Do regime differences shape developmental engagement? How China and Japan compete in post-coup Myanmar

Building with writing "Thilawa Special Economic Zone" that has closed gates and barriers in the driveway
The 2021 military coup in Myanmar has left the country significantly isolated on the world stage. Politically, foreign governments have avoided recognizing the junta rulers, although quasi-official engagement is still underway. Economically, foreign investments into Myanmar have ...

EU Democracy Support in the Southern Neighborhood: How the EU Contradicts its own Practices

Mark Rutte, Ursula von der Leyen, Kaïs Saïed , and Giorgia Meloni shaking hands
For decades, the EU has declared that it aims to support democratization in its southern neighborhood. Yet, the EU’s cooperation with repressive rulers in other policy fields, such as energy, migration, security, and trade, contradicts the EU’s own democracy support ...

Debating Foreign Interference in a Multipolar World: Is the EU Becoming Illiberal?

Debate in the EU parliament
The ways in which foreign interference by China, Russia and others are currently discussed in Brussels indicate that the EU is considering moving away from liberal principles in the area of international civil society support and the foreign funding of NGOs in particular. Based ...

“Russian Self-Defense”? Fact-Checking Arguments on the Russo-Ukrainian War by John J. Mearsheimer and Others

Map of Europe showing NATO member states, Russia and Ukraine.
In the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian war, and in the wider Russo-Western conflict, both sides compete over international influence as well as over how Ukraine and Russia are governed. While most would agree with this general assessment, prominent scholars like John J. Mearsheimer and ...

Germany’s New China Strategy: A Defensive Shift

Containerterminal Tollerort in the port of Hamburg
After a lengthy process of internal deliberation, the German government released its China strategy on July 13. The document signals a policy shift away from the business-focused approach taken by previous governments, and towards a “de-risking” of ties with China. It also ...

Nicht darüber reden ist auch keine Lösung: Die Rolle von Autokratie und Demokratie in der Nationalen Sicherheitsstrategie

Ein Foto des Deutschen Bundestages bei Nacht
Mit dem Beginn des russischen Angriffskriegs auf die Ukraine wurde das Narrativ eines globalen Wettstreits zwischen Demokratien und Autokratien wiederbelebt, das bereits im Zuge des Aufstiegs Chinas an Bedeutung gewonnen hatte. Im März 2022 hatte auch Außenministerin Annalena ...

The Power of Not Using Power: China and the Saudi-Iranian Rapprochement

Iranian Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian and his Saudi counterpart, Prince Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud after signing a joint statement on the restoration of diplomatic relations, with Chinese Foreign Minister Qin Gang in the background.
The intensifying systemic rivalry between great powers also involves contesting the most effective approaches to conflict resolution and mediation. The most recent Beijing-mediated détente between Saudi Arabia and Iran has ignited heated debates regarding its longevity and ...

Is Antarctica Still Exceptional? The Case for “Co-opetition” at the South Pole

Two penguins at the shore with a ship in the background and a boat that has people with orange jackets on it.
Antarctic diplomacy has famously shielded the continent of peace, science, and environmental protection from outside conflict and war. This “exceptionalism” is now being tested by Russia’s war against Ukraine and the belief that international strategic competition between ...

Decoupling and the “New Cold War”: Cautionary Lessons from the Past

White wall with crack
An emerging “new Cold War” appears to pit democracies, led by the US, against autocracies, led by Russia and China. But the analogy between today’s regime competition and that of the “old” Cold War is deceptive. China and Russia today are much more closely intertwined ...

Xi and Putin’s Strategic Tango: Unpacking the Complexities of Russia-China Relations After the 2023 Moscow Summit

Putin and Xi at their meeting in Moscow
The March 2023 state visit of Chinese president Xi Jinping to Russia has attracted significant attention, and has been described as symbolic of growing cooperation between authoritarian states opposed to the current world order. However, as we argue in a recently-published ...

Regime Competition in a Fragmented World: Consequences for Peace and Conflict

Wall with bricks, half is painted white, the other half is painted blue, but on both sides a few bricks have the opposite color.
More than thirty years after the proclaimed “end of history” and the third wave of demo­cratization, the world is once again marked by increased diversity in political regimes. The (re-)emergence of powerful autho­ritarian states like China and Russia and the trend of ...